Description

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that causes difficulty in breathing. It happens when the airways in the lungs become: • Inflamed (swollen) • Narrowed • Filled with excess mucus • Overly sensitive to triggers This leads to reversible airway obstruction, meaning symptoms can improve with treatment. ⸻ Common Symptoms • Wheezing (whistling sound while breathing) • Shortness of breath • Chest tightness • Persistent cough (especially at night or early morning) • Difficulty speaking during severe attacks Symptoms may be mild, moderate, or severe. ⸻ Causes & Risk Factors Asthma is caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors. 1. Genetic Factors • Family history of asthma • Allergies (atopy) 2. Environmental Triggers • Dust mites • Pollen • Pet dander • Smoke (cigarettes, pollution) • Cold air • Exercise • Respiratory infections • Strong perfumes or chemicals ⸻ Types of Asthma 1. Allergic Asthma – Triggered by allergens like pollen or dust. 2. Non-allergic Asthma – Triggered by infections, stress, weather. 3. Exercise-induced Asthma 4. Occupational Asthma – Caused by workplace irritants. 5. Childhood Asthma 6. Severe Asthma – Difficult to control with standard treatment. ⸻ Asthma Attack (Acute Exacerbation) An asthma attack occurs when symptoms suddenly worsen. Warning Signs: • Rapid breathing • Severe wheezing • Blue lips or fingernails (cyanosis) • Inability to speak full sentences • No relief from inhaler ⚠️ Severe attacks are medical emergencies. ⸻ Diagnosis Doctors diagnose asthma using: • Medical history • Physical examination • Spirometry (lung function test) • Peak flow measurement • Allergy testing ⸻ Treatment of Asthma Asthma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. 1. Quick-Relief Medicines (Rescue Inhalers) 2. Long-Term Control Medicines 3. Non-Drug Management • Avoid triggers • Use air purifiers • Maintain healthy weight • Regular follow-up • Vaccination (flu vaccine) ⸻ Complications (If Uncontrolled) • Frequent hospital visits • Reduced lung function • Sleep problems • Severe respiratory failure (rare but life-threatening) ⸻ Prevention & Control Tips - VACCINATION • Use inhalers correctly • Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke • Keep home dust-free • Take prescribed medication regularly

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