Description

Dyslipidemia – Description Definition: Dyslipidemia is a disorder of lipid (fat) metabolism in which there are abnormal levels of lipids in the blood — such as cholesterol and triglycerides. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases like heart attack and stroke. 🔹 Normal Blood Lipid Components • Total cholesterol (TC) • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) – “Bad” cholesterol • High-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) – “Good” cholesterol • Triglycerides (TG) 🔹 Types of Dyslipidemia 1. Primary (Genetic) Dyslipidemia • Caused by inherited gene mutations affecting lipid metabolism. • Examples: • Familial hypercholesterolemia • Familial combined hyperlipidemia 2. Secondary (Acquired) Dyslipidemia • Resulting from other health conditions or lifestyle factors. • Causes include: • Obesity • Diabetes mellitus • Hypothyroidism • Chronic kidney or liver disease • Alcohol excess • High-fat diet • Certain drugs (e.g., steroids, beta-blockers) 🔹 Complications • Atherosclerosis (hardening/narrowing of arteries) • Coronary artery disease (heart attack, angina) • Stroke • Peripheral vascular disease 🔹 Diagnosis • Lipid profile test (fasting or non-fasting):